Pop Up: Mapping Causes of Poverty
Two reviews classifying causes and types of poverty, one by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) the other by IFAD, are summarized below (Sida, 1996; Jazairy et al., 1992).
Sida identifies four major interacting conditions that determine well-being or poverty status:
· Lack of material assets and productive resources.
· Low level of human resource development (education, skills, and health).
· Lack of power (economical and political).
· Vulnerability (fragile economic base and frequent exposure to shocks and fluctuations).
Sida proposes a typology of poverty with the following broad categories:
· Occupational based poverty - Typically, this can be found among landless farm laborers, marginal farmers, traditional fishing populations, and pastoralists.
· Poverty associated with disadvantaged populations - All marginalized social groups such as indigenous populations, tribal populations, and groups relegated to a low status are included here.
· Poverty resulting from discrimination based on biological attributes - Material deprivation can be the result of age or gender discrimination.
· Geographically determined poverty - People living in a specific region may be materially deprived because the area is deficient in resources, isolated, and/or avoided, intentionally or unintentionally, by government policies and programs.
Sources:
HENNINGER, NORBERT; “MAPPING AND GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN WELFARE AND POVERTY ----- REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT”,
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